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Objective@#To monitor the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with combined attenuated live measles, mumps and rubella vaccines (MMR) in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the implementation of the MMR immunization strategy.@*Methods@#All AEFI caused by MMR immunization in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021 were captured from the AEFI Monitoring Information Management System of the Immunization Planning System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the incidence, clinical features and epidemiological features of AEFI were analyzed descriptively.@*Results@#The reported incidence of AEFI caused by MMR immunization appeared a tendency towards a rise in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021 (χ2trend=124.126, P<0.001). Totally 324 386 doses of MMR vaccines were immunized, and 317 cases with AEFI were reported, with an reported incidence rate of 9.77/104 doses. Following two-dose immunization, the reported incidence of AEFI caused by two-dose MMR immunization was significantly lower than by one-dose immunization (6.01/104 doses vs. 25.43/104 doses; χ2=113.692, P<0.001). The incidence rates of general reactions, abnormal reactions and coincidental events were 6.20/104 doses, 3.42/104 dose and 0.15/104 doses, respectively. Fever and allergic rash were predominant clinical manifestations of AEFI, and no vaccine quality accident, inoculation accident or psychogenic reaction were reported. There were 246 (77.60%) cases with AEFI within 24 hours following vaccination, and among children with AEFI, there were 173 boys (54.57%), and 200 children (63.09%) age ages of less than one year (63.09%). AEFI was reported in each quarter, and 99 cases (31.23%) were reported in the fourth quarter. The largest number of children with AEFI was reported in Wuxing District (78 cases, 24.61%).@*Conclusions@#The safety of MMR vaccination is high in Huzhou City. General reaction is the predominant AEFI, which mainly occurs within 24 hours following vaccination. Two-dose MMR vaccination does not increase the risk of AEFI.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a centralized isolation site for people entering China in Huzhou City of Zhejiang Province from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of overseas imported COVID-19. @*Methods@#The basic characteristics, nucleic acid detection and epidemiological investigations were collected from individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a centralized isolation site for people entering China from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, and the temporal distribution, population distribution, source of importation, and virus typing were descriptively analyzed.@*Results @#From December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, a total of 2 974 individuals in 19 flights were recorded in this centralized isolation site, and 33 cases were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, including 21 confirmed cases with common type, 9 confirmed cases with mild type, and 3 cases with asymptomatic infections. There were 11 cases with Omicron infections ( 33.33% ), 5 cases with Delta infections ( 15.15% ), and 17 cases with infection of unidentified types ( 51.52% ). The median interval ( interquartile range ) from the time of entry to the time of a positive test was 4.0 ( 7.0 ) days among all positive cases, 0 ( 4.0 ) day among cases with Omicron infections and 4.5 ( 8.5 ) days among cases with infections of Delta and unidentified types. The positive cases had a mean age of ( 36.97±8.58 ) years, and included 27 men (81.82%). There were 30 cases ( 90.91% ) receiving two and more doses of COVID-19 vaccines, and 7 cases ( 21.21% ) with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infections. There were 19 cases ( 57.58% ) from African countries, and 7 of 11 cases with Omicron infections were imported from African countries.@*Conclusion@#Omicron infection was predominant among individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in this centralized isolation site for people entering China from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, with no severe cases detected, and most positive cases were imported from African countries.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the resistance level of adult Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in urban areas of Huzhou City， and analyze the trend of insecticide resistance. Methods Aedes albopictus larvae were collected from different urban areas of Huzhou City in 2019 and 2020. The larvae were reared to adults for determining resistance using the WHO standard test kits by contact tube method. Results The mortality was 97.06%‒100.00% in adult Aedes albopictus mosquitoes exposed to 0.4% beta-cypermethrin， 0.1% deltamethrin， 0.5% malathion， 0.05% propoxur and 3% permethrin in 2019. While the adult mosquitoes exposed to 0.4% beta Cypermethrin， 0.08% beta Cypermethrin， 0.03% deltamethrin， 0.4% permethrin， 0.5% malathion and 0.02% propoxur in 2020， the adjusted mortality were 98.58%， 89.09%， 85.64%， 91.34%， 91.43% and 100% respectively . When the insecticide doses on medicated paper were high， the Huzhou populations of Aedes albopictus were sensitive to beta-cypermethrin， deltamethrin， malathion and propoxur， and showed suspected resistance to permethrin. While the Aedes albopictus were exposed to low testing dose， they showed suspected resistance to beta-cypermethrin， deltamethrin， permethrin and malathion， but remained to be sensitive to propoxur. Conclusion The adult Aedes albopictus in Huzhou City from 2019 to 2020 was still sensitive to propoxur， but their resistance to malathion changes from sensitive to resistant. When the contact tube method is used for insecticide resistance， it is suggested that the accurate diagnostic dose should be obtained first before conducting further insecticide resistance tests.